DIRECT SPEECH AND INDIRECT SPEECH

1. DIRECT SPEECH

       Direct speech is quoted speech that is presented without modification, as it might have been uttered by the original speaker.

2. INDIRECT SPEECH

       Indirect speech is reported speech that is presented with grammatical modifications, rather than as it might have been uttered by the original speaker.

This example sentence :

REPORTING	EXAMPLE DIRECT SPEECH	EXAMPLE DIRECT SPEECH	FACTS
STATMENT	I’m not hungry now.	He said that he was not hungry at that time.	Pronoun: subjek I menjadi he (orang ketiga); Verb: am (present tense) menjadi was (past tense) (misalnya) karena diasumsikan dia sudah tidak terlihat lapar lagi lagi (biasa saja).
IMPERATIVE	Please reconsider my proposal.	He requested that I reconsider his proposal.	Pronoun: my menjadi his (orang ketiga); Verb: tidak berubah (misalnya) karena diasumsikan penyampai berita langsung menyampaikan perkataan tersebut atau dengan kata lain permohonan masih berlaku.
YES-NO QUESTION	Can I put my bag here?	He asked if he could put his bag there.	Verb: can menjadi could (misalnya) karena penyampai berita fokus pada fakta bahwa pembicaraan itu merupakan past conversation; Time reference: here berubah menjadi there; if: ditambahkan pada yes-no question
INFORMATION REQUEST	What‘s your choice?	She wanted to know what my choice is.	Verb: tetap is misalnya karena penyampai berita masih belum memutuskan apa pilihannya.

I will give two examples of direct speech and indirect speech. check it down !!


A.  JULIO            : "Hello ely, please tell to Mrs. Sofia. If i will come late to office".
     ELYSIA           : "ok, i will tell to Mrs. Sofia"
     JULIO            : "Thank you"
     ELYSIA           : "You're welcome.
                               Mrs. Sofia, Julio said that she would come to office".
     Mrs. SOFIA     : "Why Julio comes late?"
     ELYSIA           : "Julio said " I took my dad's to the hospital this morning".


B.  KEMAL    : "Hello mario, how are you ?"
     MARIO    : "I'm fine, and you ?"
     KEMAL    : "I'm fine too, do you want swimming with me ?"
     MARIO    : "Yes I want, when we go ?"
     KEMAL    : "Tomorrow at 10.00 am."
     MARIO    : "Ok.  Can you pick me up ?"
     KEMAL    : "Ok. See you tomorrow."

type of clause

 Adverb Clauses of time, place, cause, purpose, result, condition and concession

Type of clause	Subordinate Conjuction	Sentences
Time	When	When he won the money, he decided to buy a car
	Before	We will finish before he arrives
	After	We will finish after he comes
	Until	We waited until he finished his homework
	Since	I have played tennis since I was a young boy
	As soon as	As soon as I hear from Tom, I will give you a telephone call
	By the time	We will have finished our homework by the time they arrive
	Whenever	Whenever he comes, we go to have lunch at "Dick's
	The first	The first time I went to New York, I was intimidated by the city
	The second	The second time I played tennis, I began to have fun
	Last time	I saw Jack the last time I went to San Francisco
Place	Where	Young people have to go where they can find jobs
	Wherever	I try to save my money wherever I can
Cause	Because	We left without him because he wasn’t ready
	as	As he was not there I left a message with his sister
	Since	Since has apologized we will take no further action against him
Purpose	So that	I will give you this English book so that you can pass your exam
	In order to	He went to school in order to practise his English
	Lest	Elizabeth is putting on her warm jacket lest she catches a cold
Result	So …. That	She was so weak that she couldn’t walk
	Such …. That	It was such a hot afternoon that we stopped playing
Condition	if	she will in come if you invite her
	Unless	You are not allowed to go out unless you have done your homework
	In case	in case you want my advice, I will be in my room
	Provided that	Provided that your room is cleaned, you won't be punished
	As long as	as long as I am with you I am happy doing nothing
	Supposing that	Supposing that your wife leaves you, what will you do?
	Whether	You have to apologize to your sister whether you want to do it or not
concession	Although	Although it was raining heavily, they went for a picnic
	Even though	Even though we treat her kindly, she is suspicious of us

FRANCHISING

Definition

 Franchising is an individual / company that supplied by the franchisor rights by purchasing rights for the area and period. While the franchisor is a company which entitles the other party to distribute the products / services using the brand, logo and its operating system. In the Indonesian language is called franchising franchise. Each country has its own definition of a franchise. America through the International Franchise Association (IFA) defines franchising as a contractual relationship between the franchisor to the franchise, which means the relationship between the franchisor with franchise very kontarktual, where the franchisor is obliged to safeguard the interests of sustainable (continue) in the field of business carried on by the franchise for example through training, in under the same trademark, format and operational standards or control of the owner (franchisor), where the franchisee menamankan investment in the business from its own sources. In the process, there was a contractual relationship between the franchisor (brand owners) with the franchisee (receiver brand). For example, in the case of special training should be given to the franchisee to maintain the stability of the product, format and operational standards in accordance with the provisions that have been determined, the image of a brand. Business activities with the franchise system will be different with the conventional business activities. In the event of a franchise agreement between the owner of the brand and the recipient of the brand, because basically this activity franchisee just purchased the licensing rights of a trademark owner to be able to run a trade with a particular format in a previous agreement. Furthermore, brand owners will only run control. In franchisor or franchisee there are various terms that we need to know as well, including:

· Franchisor: Franchise giver
· Franchisee: franchise receiver
· Franchise fee: a charge on the purchase of licensing rights within a certain time.
· Royalty fee: a fee contribution given by the franchisee to the franchisor futures.
· Master franchising: meeupakan granting rights to the franchisee for a particular wilayak. So the franchisee the right to download it again sub franchise business for some firms laih in certain agreed areas.


  Advertising fee: cost contribution from the franchisee to the franchisor on a national promotional activities.
Franchise history
In Indonesia franchise (franchise) is known since the 70s when the entry Shakey Pisa, KFC, and Burger King Swensen. Seen very rapid development began around 1995. Data Deperindag in 1997 recorded about 259 franchisee companies in Indonesia. Should be recognized that the development is very rapid at all, from year to year is very much despite franchisee franchise in decline ever since the monetary crisis in Indonesia. At that foreign franchisees in Indonesia was forced to close down because the value of the rupiah plunged very deep. The franchisee especially foreigners forced to close down because of the crisis around 1998, until 2000pun the foreign franchise still waiting to go to Indonesia. That's because the economic and political situation in Indonesia is still far below the stability, meaning that in Indonesia at that time and the political economy is very unstable. New in 2003 the franchise in the country was experiencing rapid growth. Franchise first known in the world in 1851 by the Singer Sewing Machine Company, Singer sewing machine manufacturer. The pattern was followed by the automotive company General Motors Industry that sells vehicles to appoint distributor franchise in 1898. Subsequently, followed by soft drink companies in the United States as a distribution channel in the U.S. and other countries. While in the UK franchise pioneered by J Lyons through his efforts Wimpy and Golden Egg on 60s decade. From year to year franchising business continues to grow rapidly.
Types of franchise

Based on the criteria used, we can distinguish the type of franchise. In general, we can distinguish the franchise industrial and commercial franchise:

1. Franchise industrial entrepreneurship is a form of cooperation between businessmen (manufacturer). Franchisor is the owner of the system manufacture and / or exclusive license. Here, the franchisor provides employers (manufacturer) other manufacturing systems exploit the rights and / or exclusive brefet and operate in a limited area. Because with all the means that will allow the franchisee owned businesses that do business with the franchisor, by copying the formula and methodology are transferred. Therefore, the franchisor to the franchisee did not submit integralitas of production procedures but only partially.

2. Commercial Franchise, consisting of:
· Franchise distribution: is the franchise that aims to commercialize one or more products, which are usually produced by the franchisor or franchisor is exclusively distributed by
· Franchise distribution of services: corporate object consists of one or unity of the service, which was commercialized by the franchisee, based on the methodology that he received from the franchisor. This type of franchise requires tight control of the franchisor in order to achieve a satisfactory quality of service.

3. Mix Franchise Franchise is where the object of commercialization is a combination of products and services.
Examples of franchising
1. Examples of domestic franchising

Online Shop

In this day and age can be done to sell goods over the internet. Various kinds of goods we can get it online. For example, clothes, toys, shoes, computers and accessories, cosmetics until we can buy jewelry online through the internet. 

With the online store, sellers and buyers can conduct transactions without having to meet in person. This will make transactions faster and easier. Of course, online stores have made the shortcomings and advantages of each. 

In Indonesia itself has been a lot of emerging online stores. And now, it seems more and more online stores popular and widely known by the public. Thus, we can call when shopping online is starting to become a common activity for the people of Indonesia. And perhaps, too, the trend will continue to increase. 




Some sites online store or online shop reputable Among these are:
  Toko Bagus

   Dino Market

   GMarket

The three online sites that present as online self-service. Almost all products are available on their web page. 

Advantages Online Store

a. Make it easy for prospective buyers to find information without having to come to localized goods sellers.

b. Operating costs are minimal in contrast to open a physical store must rent a place to sell about 10 million / year, and that's not even including the costs of staple and non-staple others who have become a burden.

c. Reaching prospective buyers from different regions anywhere in Indonesia, even if your sales targets worldwide International can get anywhere without the limitation of space and time.

d. Buying and selling is faster and easier, because prisnsip principal business is to facilitate online transactions.

e. Various payment methods available either through Bank Transfer, Paypal (pay online tool), etc.

f. Labor costs almost be eliminated if you can take care of themselves.

g. No cash operating expenses such as security and cleanliness money.

Shortage of Online Shop

a. Special skills are required to create and manage the Online Store, therefore entrust the experts, of course, that you can trust and know. The price for online store creation extremely varied, ranging from hundreds of thousands of dollars to millions of dollars. Customize it to your needs.

b. Goods can only be viewed in the form of Visual because only through Screen Computer or Laptop, so be honest in business, show the goods as the picture and give an honest description of the condition of the goods.

c. Since reaching the entire world, of course there will be an additional charge for postage, but usually the standard selling online has become a natural thing when postage is borne by the buyer.

I know some of the terms from the online shop, which are:
1. Affiliate Program
     affiliate program is the product marketing activities and offer merchandise or services in commerce or online business submitted to the Affiliate.
How Affiliate Program run? Usually called online merchants Online Merchant have a site (website) a catalog and get your products or services. People who sign up as an Affiliate will receive ID and Link / URL special (Affiliate Link) are differentiated according to their ID. Usually this special link menapilkan exact same site with a site owned by the Merchant. With the ID, then the site can be identified that the site is derived from the relevant Affiliate. If someone were to open / visit the site and make a purchase, the affiliate will get a commission on sales with a predetermined amount.

2. Forex Online Trading 
       forex online trading is an online trading system that is through the internet technology, which by this system investors no longer need to bother to come or call the office broker (broker), because quite with Internet access can now easily you can, you can sit at home while enjoying the coffee and playing with the family, hanging out diwarnet or cafes that have internet service and other hotspots. All pricing information and execution of the investment can be done, anywhere and anytime as you can get in touch with the virtual world. Thus Forex Trading Online has become a trend of alternative investment that is easy and inexpensive in today's information technology age. Very easy isn't in today?

Another advantage of this is Forex Online Trading Leverage and Two Ways Opportunity, where the presence of leverage investors have to put up capital amounting to 4-10% of the total investment required, and Two Ways Opportunity is possible can benefit when the currency exchange rate strengthened or weakened, other than that investors can also actively control their own investment risk to a minimum.

example Forex Online Trading is Marketiva. Marketiva is a part of a company engaged in investment, which is the place to play Forex either in REAL or VIRTUAL. The definition of real is what we do follow the same procedure as the one in the actual Forex exchange and use data on currency movements in real time that changes every second. While Virtual is just as real, but the money we make it just a sham transaction and can not be cashed for sure.

Such trade actually been around since 1994 the first time an electronic banner used for promotional and advertising purposes on a web-page, the name of e-commerce is part of e-business, in which the scope of the e-business more widely, not just commercial but also pengkolaborasian include business partners, customer service, job vacancies etc.. Besides www network technology, e-commerce also requires a database or database technology (databases), e-mail or electronic mail (e-mail), and the form of the other non-computer technologies such as delivery systems, and tools for e-payments this trade.









maybe that's all I know
thank's >_<

Tanggung jawab terhadap diri sendiri

Tanggung Jawab Kepada Diri Sendiri

Tanggung jawab

     adalah suatu kondisi dimana adanya kesadaran manusia akan tingkah laku atau perbuatannya yang baik itu disengaja ataupun tidak disengaja yang disadari keinginan untuk mempelajari suatu kesalahan yang pernah dilakukannya.

Makna tanggung jawab

     Manusia akan merasa bertanggung jawab apabila atau karena dia menyadari akibat baik atau buruk dari perbuatannya, juga menyadari bahwa ada pihak lain yang memerlukan pengadilan atau pengorbanan. tanggung jawab merupakan kewajiban yang harus di pikul sebagai bentuk akibat dari perbuatan. bersifat kodrati, setiap manusia harus bertanggungjawab sehingga bisa dianggap beradab. kewajiban atau beban itu ditunjukan untuk kebaikan pihak yang berbuat sendiri atau pihak lain. yang dengan keseimbangan, keserasian, keselarasan antara sesaman manusia, antara manusia dan lingkungan, antara manusia dan tuhan, sehingga bisa dipelihara dengan baik. Apabila seseorang tersebut tidak mau bertanggung jawab, maka akan ada pihak lain yang memaksakan tanggung jawab itu kepadanya. Timbulnya tanggung jawab itu karena manusia hidup secara bermasyarakat, untuk memperoleh atau meningkatkan kesadaran akan tanggung jawab perlu ditempuh usaha melalui pendidikan, penyuluhan, keteladanan dan ketakwaan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa.

Terhadap diri sendiri

Tanggung jawab terhadap diri sendiri sangat menuntut kesadaran setiap prang untuk memenuhi kewajibannya sendiri dalam mengembangkan kepribadian sebagai manusia pribadi. dengan demikian bisa memecahkan masalah-masalah kemanusiaan mengenai dirinya sendiri. contohnya : karena akan ada ulangan maka kita harus belajar, jika kita tidak belajar maka kita akan mendapat nilai yang jelek. belajar merupakan kewajiban sekaligus merupakan tanggung jawab kita sebagai pelajar dan untuk mendapatkan hasil sebagus mungkin.

Tanggung jawab terhadap diri sendiri mencakup :

- jujur terhadap diri sendiri- mengakui kesalahan dan menghadapinya- menjaga kesehatan- menjaga keseimbangan hidup- meminta pertolongan ketika anda membutuhkannya- mengenali kekuatan dan kelemahan diri- menilai diri secara rutin- bersikap baik terhadap diri ketika terlalu lelah, sakit dan tertekan.- pastikan mempunyai orang yang bisa dipercaya

Cita-cita, Impian dan Harapan serta sertifikat seminar

Cita-cita, Impian dan Harapan

Cita-cita

     Saya terlahir dari keluarga biasa yang tinggal di tanah indonesia dan mewajibkan saya untuk menjadi warga negara indonesia karena orangtua saya dua-duanya bernegara indonesia dan asli indonesia. ketika kecil seperti kebanyakan anak kecil lainnya saya juga mempunyai angan-angan atau cita-cita yang ingin digapai. kebanyakan anak kecil setiap ditanya sama orang-orang "kalau besar nanti kamu mau jadi apa?" atau "cita-cita kamu mau jadi apa ?" dsb. pasti jawaban anak kecil lainnya "aku ingin dokter", "aku pilot", "aku polisi". "aku guru". saya? hhhmmmm saya tidak terbesit sedikitpun untuk menjadi seperti itu, cita-cita saya sederhana. saya malah hanya ingin menjadi wanita karier yang duduk manis di ruangan penuh AC, wajah menghadap ke layar komputer dan mengerjakan tugas-tugas yang di berikan atasan. entah mengapa semenjak dulu saya di ajak ke kantor ayah saya, saya jadi tertaik dengan dunia perkantoran yang menjadi pegawai kantoran biasa saja. menurut saya itu lebih menyenangkan, pekerjaannya tidak terlalu berat dan tidak menyita tenaga.

     Cita-cita menurut saya yaitu suatu keinginan, harapan, atau tujuan yang selalu ada dalam pikiran, tidak ada orang yang hidup tanpa cita-cita, tanpa berbuat kebajikan dan tanpa sikap hidup.

     Cita-cita itu perasaan hati yang merupakan suatu keinginan yang ada dalam hati. cita-cita yang merupakan bagian atau salah satu unsur dari pandangan hidup manusia, yaitu sesuratu yang digapai oleh manusia itu sendiri melalui usaha. Sesuatu bisa disebut dengan cita-cita apabila telah terjadi usaha untuk mewujudkan sesuatu yang dianggap cita-cita itu.

Impian

     Setiap orang pasti memiliki impian, siapapun orang memiliki hak yang sama untuk meraih apapun yang diinginkan. kita diberi kebebasan untuk mendapatkan yang kita inginkan, meskipun terlihat mustahil bagi orang lain. 

     Impian adalah pembimbing kita dalam menjalani hidup, sebab jika kita menjalani hidup tanpa impian lebih baik cobalah untuk berhenti hidup. tetapi ada sebagian orang yang mengeluh karena mereka capek untuk bermimpi sebab semua mimpinya tanpa wujud.mungkin kita harus memiliki teknik untuk dapat tercapainya impian-impian kita yang mungkin banyak orang beranggapan "impian susah untuk di capai, impian hanyalah impian tidak dapat di genggam secara nyata" , beberapa teknik tips dari saya :

- buat impian positif

- impian yang jelas

- buat impian itu menjadi mudah untuk dibayangkan

- buat impian yang sesuai dengan diri kita

- buat alasan kuat untuk mewujudkan impian kita

- buat langkah-langkah yang akan dilakukan ke depannya

- dan yang terakhir pastinya ACTION NOW

Harapan

     Harapan adalah bentuk dasar dari kepercayaan akan sesuatu yang diinginkan akan didapatkan atau suatu kejadian akan bebuah kebaikan di waktu yang akan datang. Pada umumnya harapan berbentuk abstrak, tidak tampak, namun diyakini bahkan terkadang, dibatin dan dijadikan sugesti agar terwujud. Namun ada kalanya harapan tertumpu pada seseorang atau sesuatu. Pada praktiknya banyak orang mencoba menjadikan harapannya menjadi nyata dengan cara berdoa atau berusaha.

Kesimpulan

     Jadi, cita-cita, impian dan harapan itu hanya dapat digapai dengan kerja keras dan kesungguhan. semua tidak akan kita raih jika tidak ada usaha sama sekali sewaktu kecil, karena suatu yang besar itu berasal dari yang kecil duluharus berusaha semaksimal mungkin tanpa ada kata menyerah jika di awal perjuangan kita sudah menyerah.

SERTIFIKAT SEMINAR